Thu gọn là hình thức viết tắt của một từ, âm tiết, hoặc nhóm từ ở dạng nói hoặc dạng viết , được tạo ra bằng cách loại bỏ một số chữ cái (thực chất là một số âm thanh).
Tiếng Anh có rất nhiều các từ thu gọn, hầu hết bao gồm dạng đọc lướt một nguyên âm (được thay thế bằng một dấu nháy đơn ở dạng viết), như I'm đối với "I am", và đôi khi là cả các thay đổi khác nữa, như won't đối với "will not". Các từ viết tắt này được sử dụng phổ biến trong văn nói và văn viết không trang trọng, mặc dù có xu hướng tránh sử dụng trong văn viết trang trọng hơn.
Các dạng thu gọn chính được liệt kê dưới đây.
Dạng thức | Ý nghĩa |
---|---|
you've | you have |
you're | you are |
you'll | you shall / you will |
you'd've | you would have |
you'd | you had / you would |
y'all'd've | you all should have / you all could have / you all would have |
y'all | you all |
wouldn't've | would not have |
wouldn't | would not |
would've | would have |
won't | will not |
why's | why has / why is |
why're | why are |
why'll | why will |
who've | who have |
who's | who has / who is |
who're | who are |
who'll | who shall / who will |
who'd've | who would have |
who'd | who would / who had |
where've | where have |
where's | where has / where is |
where'd | where did |
when's | when has / when is |
what've | what have |
what's | what has / what is / what does |
what're | what are |
what'll | what shall / what will |
weren't | were not |
we've | we have |
we're | we are |
we'll | we will |
we'd've | we would have |
we'd | we had / we would |
wasn't | was not |
they've | they have |
they're | they are |
they'll | they shall / they will |
they'd've | they would have |
they'd | they had / they would |
there's | there has / there is |
there're | there are |
there'd've | there would have |
there'd | there had / there would |
that's | that has / that is |
that'll | that will |
shouldn't've | should not have |
shouldn't | should not |
should've | should have |
she's | she has / she is |
she'll | she shall / she will |
she'd've | she would have |
she'd | she had / she would |
shan't | shall not |
oughtn't | ought not |
o'clock | of the clock |
not've | not have |
needn't | need not |
mustn't | must not |
must've | must have |
mightn't've | might not have |
mightn't | might not |
might've | might have |
ma'am | madam |
let's | let us |
it's | it has / it is |
it'll | it shall / it will |
it'd've | it would have |
it'd | it had / it would |
isn't | is not |
I've | I have |
I'm | I am |
I'll | I shall / I will |
I'd've | I would have |
I'd | I had / I would |
how's | how has / how is / how does |
how'll | how will |
how'd | how did / how would |
he's | he has / he is |
he'll | he shall / he will |
he'd've | he would have |
he'd | he had / he would |
haven't | have not |
hasn't | has not |
hadn't've | had not have |
hadn't | had not |
don't | do not |
doesn't | does not |
didn't | did not |
couldn't've | could not have |
couldn't | could not |
could've | could have |
can't | cannot |
aren't | are not |
ain't | am not |
'ow's'at | how is that |
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